Recognising vocabulary and structures that are appropriate for formal speech and writing, including subjunctive forms
Using passive verbs to affect the presentation of information in a sentence
Using the perfect form of verbs to mark relationships of time and cause
Using expanded noun phrases to convey complicated information concisely
Using modal verbs or adverbs to indicate degrees of possibility
Using relative clauses beginning with who, which, where, when, whose, that or with an implied (i.e. omitted) relative pronoun
Using commas to clarify meaning or avoid ambiguity in writing
Using hyphens to avoid ambiguity
Using brackets, dashes or commas to indicate parenthesis
Using semi-colons, colons or dashes to mark boundaries between independent clauses
Using a colon to introduce a list
Punctuating bullets consistently